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                       SYSTEM EDITOR     
                            @ED    
                       INTRODUCTION

      THE  SYSTEM   EDITOR  (@ED)  IS  USED  IN  VIRTUALLY  ALL   
 APPLICATIONS FOR THE CREATION AND MODIFICATION OF ELEMENTS FOR   
 FURTHER USE BY THE SYSTEM. THIS DOCUMENTS IS  AN  INTRODUCTION   
 TO THE USE OF @ED. UPON COMPLETION  OF THIS COURSE THE STUDENT   
 SHOULD BE ABLE TO CREATE AND MODIFY ELEMENTS. 
 
      IN PREVIOUS  SYSTEMS  THE  USER WOULD CREATE PROGRAMS AND   
 RUN STREAMS ON CARDS WITH A KEY  PUNCH MACHINE. IN THIS SYSTEM   
 THE SYSTEM EDITOR (@ED) IS USED TO  CREATE THESE CARD DECKS IN   
 A VIRTUAL  MODE. WHEN USING  THE TERMINAL THE  CARD  DECK WILL   
 RESIDE IN AN ELEMENT. THUS THE @ED  ALLOWS THE USER TO CREATE,   
 INSERT, DELETE, AND MODIFY LINES (CARDS) IN AN  ELEMENT  (CARD   
 DECK). ELEMENTS RESIDE IN A PROGRAM FILE. FOR  THE PURPOSES OF   
 THIS LESSON WE WILL USE A TEMPORARY (NOT  CATALOGUED OR SAVED)   
 PROGRAM FILE. THIS FILE WILL BE NAMED P (FOR PROGRAM FILE).

      THIS IS A SELF CONTAINED LESSON. THE  STUDENT  SHOULD  BE   
 ABLE TO  LEARN THE @ED BY READING  THIS DOCUMENT AND DOING THE   
 EXAMPLES. HOWEVER  FEEL  FREE  TO ASK QUESTIONS, ESPECIALLY AT   
 THE **  CHECKPOINT ** AS  THESE CONCLUDE EACH  CHAPTER  OF @ED   
 COMMANDS. THE @ED IS SOMETHING THAT MUST BE LEARNED BY DOING.    

      FIRST CREATE THE TEMPORARY FILE F:  

      @ASG,T F.   

      TO BEGIN WITH CREATE AN ELEMENT E1. TO DO THIS WE TYPE:     

      @ED,I F.E1  

      THE ,I  MEANS  INITIALIZE  THE  GIVEN  ELEMENT.  IF THERE   
 EXISTS AN ELEMENT E1 A MESSAGE WILL WARN THE USER THAT IT WILL   
 BE LOST. NOW ENTER:    

      LINE ONE    
      LINE TWO    
      LINE THREE  
      LINE FOUR   
      LINE FIVE   

      THE  ABOVE  DATA  HAS  BEEN  ENTERED  DIRECTLY  INTO  THE   
 ELEMENT E1.  @ED  IS  IN INPUT MODE.  IN  INPUT  MODE @ED ONLY   
 ACCEPTS DATA. TO MANIPULATE DATA @ED NEEDS TO BE IN EDIT MODE.   
 TO GO BACK AND FORTH BETWEEN INPUT AND EDIT MODE XMIT A SPACE.   
 AT FIRST THIS IS SOME WHAT CONFUSING  BUT REMEMBER THAT IF THE   
 LINE NUMBER  IS FOLLOWED  BY AN  I  @ED IS  IN INPUT  MODE AND   
 ANYTHING ENTERED WILL GO DIRECTALLY INTO THE ELEMENT. IF THERE   
 IS NO I @ED IS IN EDIT MODE AND EXPECTING TO PROCESS COMMANDS.   
 NOW HIT  XMIT  SEVERAL  TIMES TO SEE  @ED  GO  BACK  AND FORTH   
 BETWEEN INPUT  AND EDIT MODE. LEAVE @ED  IN EDIT MODE AND TYPE   
 IN:  

      EXIT  

      ALL SUBSEQUENT  CHAPTERS  WILL  ASSEME  THAT  ELEMENT  E1   
 CONTAINS THE  ABOVE DATA. SO  IF ANYTHING GOES  WRONG  YOU MAY   
 RECREATE THIS ELEMENT BY THE FOLLOWING:  

      @ED,I F.E1  
      LINE ONE    
      LINE TWO    
      LINE THREE  
      LINE FOUR   
      LINE FIVE   
               (A BLANK TO ENTER EDIT MODE)     
      EXIT  
     
 LNP, OMIT, EXIT, LINE NUMBER    


      ENTER:
      @ED,U F.E1  

 LNP: 

      TO LIST  LINES IN AN ELEMENT THE  LNP COMMAND IS USED. TO   
 LIST THE ENTIRE ELEMENT ENTER:     

      LNP!
   
      IF THE ELEMENT CONTAINED MORE THAN 20  LINES  THIS  WOULD   
 PROVE IMPRACTICAL. SO THE GENERAL CASE OF THE LIST COMMAND IS:   

      LNP N1 (N2) 

      WHERE N1 ALONE MEANS LIST N1 LINES  FROM WHERE YOU ARE IN   
 THE ELEMENT, AND IF N2 IS GIVEN MEANS PRINT LINES FROM N1 THRU   
 N2. THUS ENTER THE FOLLOWING:

      LNP 3 
      LNP 1 5     
      LNP 2 4     
      LNP 1 2     
      LNP 2 
      LNP 2 

      TO LEAVE THE ELEMENT TYPE EXIT:     

      EXIT  

 
 LINE NUMBER, OMIT, EXIT:     

      THIS VERSION OF THE ELEMENT IS NOW SAVED. 

      NOW ENTER:  

      @ED,I F.E1  

      NOTE THE WARNING. NOW IT IS  NOT  DESIRED  TO  INITIALIZE   
 THIS ELEMENT SO HIT XMIT (TO GET INTO EDIT MODE), AND TYPE:

      OMIT  

      THIS MEANS OMIT ALL CHANGES MADE TO  THE  ELEMENT  DURING   
 THIS SESSION OF @ED. THIS IS USEFUL IN AVOIDING  CATASTROPHIE.   
 FOR INSTANCE IF YOU ACCIDENTIALLY DELETED HALF YOUR ELEMENT.     

      THUS AT  THIS POINT THE USER SHOULD  BE ABLE TO CREATE AN   
 ELEMENT AND LIST ANY DESIRED LINES IN THAT ELEMENT, AS WELL AS   
 EXIT AND/OR  OMIT ALL CHANGES  TO  THAT ELEMENT.  NOW  WE WILL   
 PROCEED TO UPDATE THAT ELEMENT. ENTER:   

      @ED,U F.E1  

      NOTE THAT @ED IS NOW IN  EDIT MODE. EDIT MODE IS  USED TO   
 MANIPULATE THE ELEMENT AND SET THE LINE POINTER. THE LINE  
 POINTER IS NOW SET AT LINE  0. TO CHANGE THE LINE POINTER ENTE   
 THE LINE NUMBER DESIRED. THUS ENTER:     

      5     
      3     
      2     
      10    
      EXIT  

COMMANDS: EDIT MODE, I-INSERT THUS IN EDIT MODE WE MAY GO TO ANY POINT IN THE ELEMENT. THE COMMANDS WE WILL DISCUSS ARE: I - INSERT A LINE C - CHANGE A LINE(S) R - REPLACE A LINE D - DELETE A LINE(S) MOV - MOVE A SET OF LINES DIT - DITTO (COPY) A SET OF LINES L - LOCATE LC - LOCATE ALL F - FIND FC - FIND ALL SET - SET TABS TAB - SET TAB CHARACTER N - NEXT LINE - - BACKUP A LINE Home commands
I: I IS USED TO INSERT A LINE. ENTER THE FOLLOWING: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! I INSERT # 1 I INSERT # 2 I INSERT # 3 LNP! OMIT THE OMIT IS DONE TO KEEP THE ELEMENT E1 IN ITS ORIGINAL STATE. THUS ALL THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES WILL START AT THE SAME STARTING POINT. NOTE THAT THE ABOVE LINES WERE ENTERED BEFORE ALL THE OTHER LINES. THATS BECAUSE THE LINE POINTER WAS AT ZERO. I INSERTS LINES FOLLOWING THE LINE POINTER. TO INSERT LINES IN A GIVEN ELEMENT, FIRST ENTER THE DESIRED LINE NUMBER AND BEGIN INSERTING LINES. commands
C-CHANGE C: C IS THE CHANGE COMMAND. IT IS USED TO CHANGE STRINGS IN LINE(S). THE GENERAL FORM IS: C /STRING1/STRING2/(N) (G) OR C /STRING1/STRING2/(A) IN THE FIRST CASE THE FIRST OCCURANCE OF STRING1 IS CHANGED TO STRING2. IF (N) IS PRESENT THEN THE FIRST OCCURANCE OF STRING1 IS CHANGED TO STRING2 FOR THE NEXT N LINES. IF THE G (GLOBAL) IS PRESENT THEN ALL OCCURANCES ARE CHANGED. IN THE SECOND CASE IF THE A (ALL) IS PRESENT THEN ALL OCCURANCES ARE CHANGED TO THE END OF THE ELEMENT. EXAMPLES: C /LIEN/LINE/ C /PIK/PIC/ C /$/4/25 C /SORT/NEW*SORT/100 C /LIB/LIBRARY/50 G C /#/@/A C /THIER/THERE/A C /NEW*// ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 LNP! 1 C /ONE/1/ 2 C /LINE/LINE #/ 3 C /LINE/LINE NO./2 LNP! C /I/$$$/A LNP! C /$$$/I/100 G I ABC ABC ABC C /A/X/ C C /B/Y/G C /C//G lnp! OMIT NOTE THAT THE C BY ITSELF USES THE CHANGE FROM THE PREVIOUS CHANGE COMMAND. commands
R-REPLACE R: R IS FOR REPLACEMENT. IT MEANS REPLACE THE GIVEN LINE. ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! 1 R LINE 1 2 R LINE # TWO 5 R LINE NO. V lnp! OMIT NOTE THAT THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUE CAN BE USED FOR BOTH R AND I. WHEN THE LINE BEING REPLACED OR INSERTED IS SIMILAR TO THE GIVEN LINE THE CURSER MAY BE MOVED WITH THE ARROW BUTTONS (LOWER LEFT) IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE DELETE AND INSERT BUTTONS (SECOND ROW, UPPER LEFT) TO ENTER THE COMMAND. REPEAT THE ABOVE USING THIS TECHNIQUE. commands
D-DELETE D: D IS FOR DELETE, AND MUST BE USED WITH CAUTION. THE GENERAL CASE IS: D (N1) (N2) D BY IT SELF MEANS DELETE THE PRESENT LINE. D WITH N1 MEANS DELETE N1 LINES STARTING WITH THE PRESENT LINE. D WITH N1 AND N2 MEANS DELETE LINES N1 THRU N2. THE SAFEST WAY TO DELETE A GIVEN LINE IS TO GO TO THE DESIRED LINE AND DELETE IT. THUS TO DELETE LINE 3, ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! 3 D lnp! OMIT TO DELETE A RANGE OF LINES (SAY 2 THRU 4) ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! D 2 4 lnp! OMIT THE LINES COULD BE DELETED BY: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! 2 D 3 lnp! OMIT HOWEVER IT IS SAFER TO DELETE A RANGE OF LINES THAN N LINES. commands
MOV-MOVE, DIT-DITTO MOV: MOV IS THE MOVE COMMAND. IT IS USED TO MOVE LINES AROUND. IT WORKS BY FIRST GOING TO WHERE YOU WANT THE LINE(S) MOVED TO, AND THEN ISSUING THE MOV COMMAND. THE GENERAL FORM OF THE MOV COMMAND IS: MOV N1 (N2) IF N2 IS OMITTED LINE N1 IS MOVED TO THE PRESENT POSITION. IF N2 IS GIVEN LINES N1 THRU N2 ARE MOVED TO THE PRESENT POSITION. THUS ENTER THE FOLLOWING: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! 1 MOV 5 lnp! 1 MOV 3 5 lnp! OMIT DIT: DIT IS FOR DITTO WHICH WORKS EXACTALY THE SAME AS MOV EXCEPT THAT THE LINES ARE COPIED RATHER THAN MOVED. THUS ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! 1 DIT 5 lnp! 6 DIT 1 lnp! 7 DIT 1 7 lnp! OMIT THE ABOVE COMMANDS ARE SUFFICIENT TO MODIFY AN ELEMENT FOR MOST PRACTICAL PURPOSES. commands
L, LC-LOCATE, F, FC-FIND L LC F FC: WE WILL NOW DISCUSS COMMANDS TO FIND AND LOCATE LINES IN AN ELEMENT. THESE COMMANDS ARE: L STRING LC STRING F STRING FC STRING THE FIRST TWO ARE LOCATE AND LOCATE ALL RESPECTIVELY. THE LOCATE SEARCHES THE ELEMENT FOR THE FIRST OCCURANCE OF THE GIVEN STRING, THE LOCATE ALL SEARCHES THE ELEMENT FOR ALL OCCURANCES OF THE GIVEN STRING. ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! L LINE L LINE L lnp! LC LINE LC O LC T LC THE OMIT NOTE THAT WHEN NO STRING IS GIVEN THE STRING OF THE PREVIOUS LOCATE IS USED. THE FIND OPERATES IN A SIMILAR WAY. THE DIFFERENCES ARE THAT THE THE FIND SEARCHES FROM THE BEGINING OF THE LINE FOR THE LENGTH OF THE STRING. ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 I ABCDE I ABCD I ABC I AB I A lnp! F L FC FC A FC ABC OMIT commands
SET, TAB SET: THE SET COMMAND IS TO SET THE TAB SETTINGS. THE GENERAL COMMAND IS: SET (N1) (N2) (N3) ... WHICH MEANS THE TAB SETTINGS ARE COLUMNS N1, N2, N3 ETC. THE TAB COMMAND IS: TAB CHAR WHICH MEANS THE TAB CHARACTER IS THE ONE SPECIFIED. THE DEFAULT SETTINGS ARE THE ASSEMBLER TAB SETTINGS WHICH ARE: SET 11 21 39 73 TAB ; THE TAB SETTINGS MAY BE USED IN THE I-INSERT, R-REPLACE, AND F,FC-FIND COMMANDS. ENTER: @ED,U F.E1 lnp! SET 10 20 30 I ;10 I ;;TWENTY I ;;;XXX lnp! 1 R ;10-REPLACED 2 R ;;20-REPLACED lnp! SET 2 FC ;I SET 4 F ;E F FC OMIT commands
N - Next, - Back ANOTHER COMMAND OF SOME USE IS THE N COMMAND WHICH SIMPLY MEANS NEXT, AND - WHICH MEANS BACKUP 1. @ED,U F.E1 lnp! N N N - - lnp! OMIT commands